Although they have many disadvantages for welfare, including for behavior, laying hen cages also have advantages. For example, aggression and cannibalism (or the need for beak trimming to prevent these) are usually less than in other systems, benefiting both the birds and the producer. There have been three approaches to reducing other behavioral problems. First, …
In the near future EU-legislation will ban the use of conventional battery cages, while national legislation in some countries in Western Europe will ban beak trimming as well. The ban on battery cages and beak trimming causes an increased risk of feather pecking and cannibalism in laying hens. Many factors influence feather pecking behaviour, but this paper …
Poultry farmers in the European Union and especially in Holland have been dealing with environmental legislation for some years already. The most important regulations are the directives 2001/81/EC; National Emission Ceilings for certain pollutants and 96/61/EC; Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control, and the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). These directives state that the emission of ammonia …
Review of UNECE Standards for Eggs and Egg Products – Hen Egg Products for use in the Food Industry
The controls described in this International Code of Hygienic Practice for Eggs and Egg Products are designed for the safe production of eggs and egg products.